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TPMPA synthesis Recently unimolecular multi functional pepti
2021-11-10

Recently, unimolecular, multi-functional peptides that combine GLP-1RA activity with TPMPA synthesis and/or GIP activity have been suggested as new therapeutic agents for glycaemic and weight control. In rodents, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve significantly better glucose control and
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The presence of ghrelin s mRNA in the eye and
2021-11-10

The presence of ghrelin's mRNA in the eye and the presence of ghrelin in the aqueous humor, along with a decrease of its levels in glaucoma, suggest a local role for this peptide in the ocular tissue [8], [16], [18]. There is no available data regarding the presence of GHSR-1 in the anterior segment
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br Biologically active non peptide galanin
2021-11-10

Biologically active non-peptide galanin receptor ligands The first successful attempt in overcoming these weaknesses was undertaken by Saar et al. (2002). Screening of galanin sequence established that Trp-2, Asn-5, Tyr-9 were pharmacophores, responsible for biochemical action of the peptide. Bas
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Liver is the house for a variety of
2021-11-10

Liver is the house for a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing BIIE 0246 receptor that produce reactive oxygen species as well as reactive metabolites (Johansson et al., 2009; Noh et al., 2017; Puntarulo and Cederbaum, 1998). When the enzymes act upon pre- or pro-haptens, the chemicals would be activat
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br Acknowledgments This research was supported in part by
2021-11-10

Acknowledgments This research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health IDeA Program COBRE grant GM110732; a USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project; and the Montana State University Agricultural Experiment Station. Introduction Propofol (2,6-Diisopropylphen
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It is considered that activations of
2021-11-10

It is considered that activations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are closely related to progression process of cancer cells, such as invasion and metastasis [22], [23]. In fibrosarcoma cells, GPR40 suppressed not only MMP-2 and MMP-9 activations, but also cell motile and invasive activities, suggesting GPR40 ne
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br G protein coupled receptor GPR also known as
2021-11-10

G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as a free fatty Bax channel blocker australia receptor, is dominantly expressed in pancreatic β cells and intestine K, L cells., . Besides, GPR40 is also reported to be expressed in brain, but its function is still unknown. It is well documented t
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PD PD L signaling is
2021-11-10

PD-1/PD-L1 signaling is critical for the induction of exhausted CD8+ T Sal 003 during the tumor immune response (Barber et al., 2006; Wherry et al., 2007; Wherry and Kurachi,2015; Pauken and Wherry, 2015), but the relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and Fas/FasL signaling in exhausted CD8+ T
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It has been shown that mice lacking
2021-11-10

It has been shown that mice lacking SMAD2 in T cells do not develop spontaneous lymphoproliferative autoimmunity (Malhotra et al., 2010). Further, FOXO1 is known to activate proinflammatory MCP-1 and IL-6 (Ito et al., 2009). To this end, we also validated the downstream target FOXO1 and SMAD2 after
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Interestingly hSMC displayed a similar morphological respons
2021-11-10

Interestingly, hSMC displayed a similar morphological response to ET-1 as CHOETA. This dramatic lowering of normalized cell index in hSMC mimics ET-1 induced smooth muscle contraction. Earlier studies have shown that stress-fiber formations in CHOETA are mediated by Gq/PLC and G12 and in CHOETB by G
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Introduction Protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays key role
2021-11-10

Introduction Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation plays key roles in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, cell adhesion, and metabolic changes [1]. While receptor-type tyrosine kinases localize to the plasma membrane, most of no
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Here we dissect X chromosome dosage compensation DC in C
2021-11-10

Here, we dissect X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) in C. elegans to determine the effect of chromatin modifications on higher-order chromosome structure during long-range gene regulation. DC is exemplary because it controls hundreds of genes simultaneously, it distinguishes X chromosomes from au
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CPI-455 The mechanism study demonstrated that BDNF
2021-11-10

The mechanism study demonstrated that BDNF is one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying JMJD2A effects during neuropathic pain. BDNF is a neurotrophin with essential functions in neuronal development and neuroplasticity. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in BDNF expression levels un
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In this study we also profiled
2021-11-10

In this study, we also profiled the expression of the transporters in wild-type RBL-2H3 cells, RBL-2H3 Sc98 cells, and rat peritoneal mast cells. OCT1 and PMAT were expressed at high levels in both RBL-2H3 Sc98 and RBL-2H3 cells. However, OCT2 and OCT3 were weakly or least detected in RBL-2H3 Sc98 c
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Most hexokinases are widely expressed but
2021-11-10

Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct hexokinases predominate specific tissues (Katzen and Schimke, 1965, Rogers et al., 1975). Hexokinase I is found in all mammalian tissues, but is most abundant in the Imeglimin and kidney (griffin et al., 1992). Hexokinase II is the primary hexokina
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